Cosmic Signals from Extreme Objects

From Exploding Stars to Neutron Stars and Black Holes

Our research explores some of the most extreme phenomena in the Universe, including supernova explosions and neutron star mergers. These events allow us to study how neutron stars and black holes form, how heavy elements are created, and how matter behaves under extreme conditions.

A central focus is the role of neutrinos, which strongly influence these cosmic events and provide unique insights into fundamental physics. We also investigate the properties of dense nuclear matter inside neutron stars and search for signs of new particles beyond the Standard Model, such as axions.

By combining theoretical models, large-scale simulations, and astrophysical observations, we aim to better understand the fundamental laws governing matter, particles, and the evolution of the Universe.

Active Galaxies as Laboratories of the Extreme Universe

Our research uses high-energy neutrinos to study some of the most extreme environments in the Universe, particularly around supermassive black holes in active galaxies. Observations with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory have revealed the first strong connections between neutrinos and active galactic nuclei, opening a new window on the high-energy Universe.

We combine neutrino observations, gamma-ray astronomy, advanced simulations, and AI-based analysis methods to identify cosmic neutrino sources and better understand the physical processes powering them. At the same time, we contribute to the development of the next generation of neutrino telescopes, paving the way for future discoveries in multi-messenger astronomy.

• M01 — Multi-messenger searches for high-energy neutrino counterparts (project completed)
  This project investigated connections between high-energy neutrinos and active galaxies such as blazars and Seyfert galaxies. It contributed to some of the first major discoveries linking neutrinos to astrophysical sources observed by IceCube Neutrino Observatory.
• M02 — Search for transient phenomena in coincidence with high-energy cosmic neutrinos (project completed)
  The project studied transient cosmic events, including gamma-ray bursts and flaring active galaxies, in connection with neutrino observations. It improved multi-messenger analysis techniques and developed theoretical models for high-energy astrophysical sources.
• M03 — The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background: Theory, Observations, and JUNO Perspectives
  This project combines theoretical predictions and astronomical observations to study the diffuse background of neutrinos produced by supernovae across cosmic history. It also aims to better understand the formation rates of neutron stars and black holes.
• M05 — Particle Physics in Supernovae
  The project explores how neutrinos and hypothetical new particles, such as axions, affect supernova explosions. It combines theoretical modelling and simulations to study particle physics under extreme astrophysical conditions.
• M07 — Hyperons and Axions in Neutron Stars
  This project investigates the behaviour of dense matter inside neutron stars, including exotic particles such as hyperons and axion-like particles. The goal is to better understand the internal structure and stability of neutron stars.
• M08 — Cosmic Neutrino Sources: Optimization Strategies for P-ONE
  The project develops new technologies and AI-based methods for the next generation of neutrino telescopes, particularly the P-ONE observatory. It focuses on detector optimisation, simulations, and advanced data analysis techniques.
• M09 — Many Body Interactions in Neutron Stars (new)
  This project studies the interactions between multiple particles inside dense nuclear matter relevant for neutron stars. Using experiments at CERN and machine learning methods, it aims to improve our understanding of matter at extreme densities.
• M10 — Gamma-Ray to Neutrino Connection with a Focus on Active Galactic Nuclei (new)
  This project investigates the relationship between gamma rays and neutrinos emitted by active galaxies hosting supermassive black holes. By combining observations and theoretical modelling, it aims to uncover the physical processes powering these extreme cosmic sources.